GEOFF BENNETT: Good evening.

I'm Geoff Bennett.

AMNA NAWAZ: And I'm Amna Nawaz.

On the "News Hour" tonight: The president# threatens to d.. Minneapolis in response to protests# against his immigration crackdown.

GEOFF BENNETT: Venezuela's opposition leader# strikes a positive tone after a meeting with## President Trump that could have far-reaching# implications for her country's future.

AMNA NAWAZ: And the death of a Black# midwife just days after giving birth## by a Caesarean section renews questions# about disparities in maternal health care.

JESSICA BRUMLEY, President, American# College of Nurse Midwives: Black women## are at higher rates of Caesarean .. higher rates of almost every# possible comorbidity or complication.

(BREAK) AMNA NAWAZ: Welcome to the "News Hour."

Protesters clashed with ICE agents# in Minneapolis again today after## a man was shot and wounded when he# allegedly assaulted federal officers.

GEOFF BENNETT: Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey called# for calmer reactions on the street.

That's as## President Trump is threatening to deploy U.S.# troops to the Twin Cities to quell the protests## there.

And the state's governor, Tim Walz, is# asking the president to lower the temperature.

Special correspondent Fred de Sam Lazaro starts## our coverage with what's unfolded# over the last 24 hours in Minnesota.

(SHOUTING) FRED DE SAM LAZARO: This morning, new threats# from President Trump of heavier interv.. this after protests broke out# in Minneapolis again overnight.

On social media, Trump warned he'd use the# Insurrection Act.

That's the 18th century power## of the president to deploy the U.S.

military# if the president decides local authorities## cannot maintain order.

It was last used in 1992# during the Rodney King riots in Los Angeles.

Minnesota's Attorney General Keith Ellison said# he's ready to go to court if it's invoked.

It## all came just after the dust settled from# overnight scenes like this.

Crowds gathered## after an ICE agent shot of Venezuelan national# in the leg during a targeted traffic stop.

Administration officials alleged# the man and two others attacked## the agent with a shovel and a# broom handle -- is dialing up## the temperature after the fatal shooting# of 37-year-old Renee Goode one week ago.

BRIAN O'HARA, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Police# Chief: The crowd is engaging in unlawful acts.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: At a# late-night press conference,## the city's police chief said yesterday# went too far when protesters hurled rocks## and fireworks at law enforcement.# Mayor Jacob Frey called for calm.

JACOB FREY (D), Mayor of Minneapolis, Minnesota:# And for anyone that is taking the bait tonight,## stop.

That is not helpful.# Go home.

We cannot counter## Donald Trump's chaos with our own brand of chaos.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Minnesota Governor Tim Walz: GOV.

TIM WALZ (D-MN): As hard as we will# fight in the courts and at the ballot box,## we cannot and will not let violence prevail.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: In Washington today,# PBS News' Liz Landers asked the White## House if President Trump is working# with the governor to de-escalate.

LIZ LANDERS: Governor Walz's office# is saying today that he's trying to## get ahold directly with the# president.

Have you spoken?

KAROLINE LEAVITT, White House Press Secretary:# Look, the president is always willing to## answer the phone when people pick up and# call.

But I would ask that the governor## stops inciting the harassment and illegal# obstruction of law enforcement in his state.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Homeland# Security Secretary Kristi Noem said,## Insurrection Act or not, ICE isn't going anywhere.

KRISTI NOEM, U.S.

Homeland Security# Secretary: Remember, we are there## in surged operations because of the# largest frau.. FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Trying to tie the crackdown# to Minnesota's welfare fraud scandal.

Separately,## the president himself has# threatened to defund states## with so-called sanctuary cities# that include the Twin Cities.

For many, it's as if ICE is around every# corner.

Locals have spotted arrests as## their kids board the bus to school# and in random I.D.

checks.

Secretary## Noem today said people should carry# I.D.

to confirm their legal status,## something not legally required of U.S.# citizens except in circumstances like travel.

QUESTION: Are you OK with federal# agents and officers violating people's## Fourth Amendment rights by asking for# papers without reasonable suspicion?

KRISTI NOEM: Every single action that# our ICE officers take is according to## the law and following protocols# that we have used for years.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Meantime, schools in# the area are reporting a sharp drop in## attendance and several districts will soon# offer students the option to attend online.

For the "PBS News Hour," I'm Fred# de Sam Lazaro in Minneapolis.

GEOFF BENNETT: President Trump's threat to# invoke the Insurrection Act is sparking concern## among critics, who warn that the law's# sweeping powers make it easy to misuse,## especially in moments of domestic unrest.

To help us understand what's at stake, we're# joined now by Elizabeth Goitein, senior## director of the Liberty and National Security# Program at the Brennan Center for Justice.

Thank you for joining us.

ELIZABETH GOITEIN, Brennan# Center for Justice: My pleasure.

GEOFF BENNETT: Based on Presid.. how seriously should we take the prospect that# he might actually invoke the Insurrection Act?

ELIZABETH GOITEIN: I think# we need to take it seriously.

He has certainly threatened to invoke# the Insurrection Act in the past,## but this is coming on the heels of a# Supreme Court decision that rejected## his efforts to use a different law to# deploy the military in U.S.

cities,## but that left open the possibility# of using the Insurrection Act.

And so I think in the wake of this sort of# defeat that he faced in his attempts to deploy## the military elsewhere, he might be looking# for an opportunity to show that he can still## make good on his threats to use the military as# a domestic police force inside the United States.

GEOFF BENNETT: And, practically# speaking, how would he do it?

ELIZABETH GOITEIN: Well, under the Insurrection# Act, he would issue a proclamation.

And then he## would have the authority, at least unless# the courts held that he didn't, to deploy## either active duty troops or to federalize the# National Guard and deploy National Guard forces.

And under the Insurrection Act,# he can, at least in theory,## use them to conduct law enforcement# activities.

So the Insurrection Act## is generally considered to be an exception to# the Posse Comitatus Act, and that's the law## that normally prohibits federal armed forces# from engaging in civilian law enforcement.

GEOFF BENNETT: How often has the Insurrection# Act been used and in what situations?

ELIZABETH GOITEIN: It's been used very sparingly.

And I should say that even though the law on its# face is written in vague and archaic language## that seems to give the president quite a bit of# discretion, the Department of Justice has long## interpreted it more narrowly and has opined# that it should only be used as a last resort.

And in keeping with that approach, presidents# have invoked the Insurrection Act only about## 30 times in our nation's history.

And in# virtually every one of those instances,## either a governor requested assistance# because state and local law enforcement were## completely overwhelmed, or the state itself was# actively obstructing federal civil rights laws.

GEOFF BENNETT: If a president were to# deploy federal troops to a state like## Minnesota over the objections of# the governor and local officials,## what would that mean legally?

Where does# state authority end federal power begin?

ELIZABETH GOITEIN: Well, the president# has the authority to federalize National## Guard forces and remove them from state# command-and-control when authorized by statute.

And so, if he invoked the Insurrection Act, he# would take command-and-control of the National## Guard.

Now, the states could file challenges# in court and could argue, and I think they## would have a strong case, that the president was# exceeding his authority under the Insurrection## Act and that the actions of the military were# in fact violating the Posse Comitatus Act.

In that case, a court could enjoin# the president's use of troops.

But## in the initial invocation of the act,# the president does have the authority## to assert command-and-control over# federalized National Guard forces.

GEOFF BENNETT: So why, in your view, would# this be an illegitimate use of the act?

ELIZABETH GOITEIN: Well,# there is chaos in Minneapolis,## but it is chaos that is of the# federal government's own making.

The vast majority of the violence and lawlessness# in Minneapolis is coming from ICE.

And the purpose## of invoking the Insurrection Act would not# be to quell that violence and lawlessness.## It would be to enable it.

That is clearly# an illegitimate use of the Insurrection Act.

And, more than that, it would set# an incredibly dangerous precedent.

GEOFF BENNETT: And that plays# into what critics argue,## that the deployment of these ICE agents to# Minneapolis and the protests it sparked,## that this was all just a test case to justify# invoking the Insurrection Act and potentially## deploying the military to Democratic-led cities in# this election year, that was the plan all along,## that immigration enforcement was really# just a pretext, to which you would say what?

ELIZABETH GOITEIN: Well, the president# has certainly been very clear that he## does not view the use of the military in U.S.# cities as a last resort.

He actually has said## that he thinks that U.S.

cities should be# training grounds for the U.S.

armed forces.

And if you look at the last# nine presidencies combined,## not including the first Trump# administration, presidents have## deployed troops to quell civil unrest or enforce# the law only twice.

President Trump has deployed## troops or requested or attempted deployment of# troops seven times in his first year in office.

So he certainly intends to use the# military very differently from the## way the presidents have used it# in the past and the way that the## law has been interpreted to permit# the use of the military in the past.

GEOFF BENNETT: Elizabeth Goitein# with the Brennan Center for Justice,## thanks again for your time this evening.

ELIZABETH GOITEIN: Thanks for having me.

AMNA NAWAZ:## We start the day's other headlines in Iran,# where a bloody regime crackdown looks to have## rained in widespread protests, even as# the threat of U.S.

intervention remains.

President Trump has signaled# an interest in de-escalation,## though he hasn't ruled out military action.

KAROLINE LEAVITT, White House Press# Secretary: The president and his team## are closely monitoring this situation, and all# options remain on the table for th.. AMNA NAWAZ: White House Press Secretary# Karoline Leavitt said the president was told## by Tehran that some 800 scheduled executions# of protesters had been halted.

But, today,## the Trump administration placed# new sanctions on several Iranian## officials they described as being the# architects of the attacks on protesters.

At the U.N.

today, U.s.

ambassador Michael Waltz## condemned Iran for claiming that# the protests were a foreign plot.

MICHAEL WALTZ, U.S.

Ambassador to the# United Nations: Regardless of its excuses,## and you will hear many today from the# Iranian regime and from its friends,## the regime is solely, solely responsible for# the economic misery of the Iranian people## and the repression of their freedom,# and they will be held accountable.

AMNA NAWAZ: A U.S.-based human# rights group says at least 2,600## protesters have been killed by state# forces.

Iran remains largely shut off## from the world as a state-imposed# Internet blackout remains in place.

European troops have begun arriving# in Greenland after talks in Washington## failed to make progress on President# Trump's push to take over the territory.## Danish Air Force troops landed late last# night, and NATO partners, including France,## Germany and others, are sending# small numbers of forces as well.

This comes after the Danish foreign minister# set a fundamental disagreement over Greenland## remains after meeting with American officials# at the White House.

Greenland residents say## they are relieved to have the support from# allies, but worry about what comes next.

BIRGER POPPEL, University of Greenland: I don't# think facts affect Trump.

And, to be honest,## as it seems right now, the major threat to# security in Greenland comes from our U.S.

allies.

AMNA NAWAZ: The White House said today# that the presence of new European## troops in Greenland would not affect President# Trump's position on taking over the territory.

Federal prosecutors are charging 26# people for allegedly rigging NCAA and## Chinese basketball association games;# 15 of those charged played Division I## basketball as recently as last season.# The charges include wire fraud, bribery## and conspiracy.

In a press conference today,# authorities said fixtures paid players up to## $30,000 a game to deliberately underperform,# then placed large bets against their teams.

U.S.

attorney David Metcalf says those## involved -- quote -- "poisoned the American# spirit of competition from monetary gain."

DAVID METCALF, U.S.

Attorney, Eastern# District of Pennsylvania: When criminals## pollute the purity of sports by manipulating#.. integrity of sports betting markets.

It# imperils the integrity of sport itself.

AMNA NAWAZ: The indictment claims that# fixers and players tried to rig 29 games## across multiple seasons involving millions# of dollars in bets.

It comes after a series## of NCAA investigations that have led to at# least 10 players receiving lifetime bans.

A federal appeals court today opened the# possibility that Palestinian activist## Mahmoud Khalil could be rearrested and# possibly deported.

The three-judge panel## reversed a lower court decision# that led to his release last June,## saying it didn't have jurisdiction.

They added# that Khalil -- quote -- "will have to wait## to seek relief from allegedly# unlawful government conduct."

The former Columbia University graduate student# is a permanent resident whose wife and son are## American.

His case became a high-profile# example of the Trump administration's## crackdown on pro-Palestinian activities on# campus.

His lawyers say they plan to appeal.

Four astronauts are safely back on Earth after## NASA's first medical evacuation of# the International Space Station.

WOMAN: Splashdown of Crew-11.

AMNA NAWAZ: The crew touched down in# the Pacific near San Diego early this## morning.

They ended their mission more than a# month early because one of the astronauts was## experiencing an undisclosed medical condition.

The# astronaut has not been named for privacy reasons.## All four were taken for medical checks# when they landed, as is standard procedure.

NASA and SpaceX officials# say they're working to move## up the launch of the next crew# currently set for mid-February.

On Wall Street today, stocks posted# decent gains, thanks largely to a## rebound in A.I.-related shares.

The Dow Jones# industrial average gained nearly 300 points.## The Nasdaq rose about 50 points on the day.# The S&P 500 snapped a two-day losing streak.

And the U.S.

Postal Service revealed a new stamp# today featuring boxing legend Muhammad Ali.

(APPLAUSE) AMNA NAWAZ: The unveiling took place in# his hometown of Louisville, Kentucky.

The## stamp features a photo of Ali from 1974# with his last name in bold letters.

The## Postal Service has printed 22 million of the# Ali Forever Stamps which went on sale today.

The three-time heavyweight champ once# joked that he should be on a stamp someday,## because, as he put it, that's the# only way I will ever get licked.

Still to come on the "News Hour":# the confusion caused by a slashing,## then restoration of mental health# and addiction funding;the White House## targets wind power projects, putting# energy businesses in jeopardy;and## a cutting-edge 3-D scanning technology# helps to replicate classic works of art.

GEOFF BENNETT: Today, Nobel peace laureate# Maria Corina Machado met with President## Trump and said she presented him her Nobel# Peace Prize.

Their lunch came after the## president spoke yesterday to Venezuela's# acting president, a woman who in the past## disparaged Machado and is now empowered by# the Trump administration to lead that country.

Nick Schifrin examines the country's# current and would-be leadership.

NICK SCHIFRIN: In Washington today,# the woman who won a Nobel Peace Prize## for advocating democracy brought her prize# to the man she says can deliver democracy.

MARIA CORINA MACHADO, Venezuela# Opposition Leader: I presented## the president of the United States# the medal of the Peace -- Nobel## Peace Prize as a recognition for his# unique commitment with our freedom QUESTION: Ms.

Machado, how did# your meeting go with the president?

NICK SCHIFRIN: Machado met with bipartisan# senators who call her Venezuela's rightful## leader.

Whether she one day becomes# that, she said today was up to Trump.

MARIA CORINA MACHADO (through# translator): Know that we count## on President Trump for the freedom of Venezuela.

NICK SCHIFRIN: It was two years ago that# Machado was banned from running for president,## but she handpicked a candidate, Edmundo Gonzalez,## who defeated then-President Nicolas Maduro# by 2-1, according to the opposition's tally.

And on his third day as secretary of state,## Marco Rubio called Gonzalez Venezuela's# -- quote -- "rightful president" and## reaffirmed the United States' support for# the restoration of democracy in Venezuela.

But then the U.S.

captured Maduro and,## faced with a decapitated Venezuelan# regime, Machado was sidelined.

DONALD TRUMP, President of the United States:# She doesn't have the support within or the## respect within the country.

She's a very# nice woman, but she doesn't have the respect.

NICK SCHIFRIN: So, instead,## the Trump administration .. DONALD TRUMP: We just had# a great conversation today,## and she's a terrific person.

I mean, she's# somebody that we have worked with very well.

NICK SCHIFRIN: But Rodriguez was Maduro's# handpicked deputy.

Most recently,## she oversaw the oil industry, but# activists accuse her of helping hand## over the country's security and economy# to American adversaries Cuba and Iran.

And she was, for decades, a follower of the# country's nationalist Chavismo leadership.

DELCY RODRIGUEZ, Acting President of Venezuela# (through translator): And here we are,## the peoples, dozens and hundreds who came# together here, pre.. that there is no way they can subdue us# or subject us to their imperial orders.

NICK SCHIFRIN: Recently, she's proved open to# working with the country she used to call the## imperialists, releasing 70 political# prisoners, including five Americans,## and opening up the world's largest# oil reserves to American investment.

But activists say she cannot deliver the# rule of law that U.S.

investment requires,## and they say she cannot be trusted.

For the "PBS News Hour," I'm Nick Schifrin.

GEOFF BENNETT: And we turn now to Laura Dib,## director of the Venezuela Program at# the Washington Office on Latin America.

Thank you for being here.

We appreciate it.

LAURA DIB, Venezuela Program Director,# Washington Office on Latin America: Thank you.. much for your invita.. GEOFF BENNETT: Maria Corina Machado# is wrapping up day.. visit to Washington.

How should we assess# her visit and her meeting with President## Trump and other U.S.

policymakers,# what it says about her standing?

LAURA DIB: After she had been dismissed by# President Trump on January 3, after his remarks,## right after the strike, he said that she# didn't have the support of Venezuelans.

So there was a lot of concern among members# of Venezuelan civil society that Venezuelans## were being left out of the decision-making# process around the future of Venezuela,## and that their agency was being undermined.# So I think that the fact that President Trump## met with Maria Corina Machado, but# also a group of bipartisan senators,## is a good sign that they're listening# to members of the Venezuelan opposition.

GEOFF BENNETT: How much influence# does she have in Venezuela right now?

LAURA DIB: It's hard to have influence# when you're dealing with an authoritarian## government.

Between Chavez and# Maduro, they ruled for 26 years.## So I would understand also the concern from# the administration that she -- even though## she has popular support, she has limited# capacity to whole power in this context.

GEOFF BENNETT: And you have noted# that Edmundo Gonzalez won roughly## 67 percent of the vote with her backing.

If# that level of support exists within Venezuela,## what is the missing piece that# prevents real political change?

LAURA DIB: Authoritarianism.

I mean, Venezuelans have committed themselves to# fighting for.. I mean, five different rounds of# negotiations, peaceful demonstrations,## participated in elections despite# the lack of free and fair election## conditions.

The Carter Center, the# U.N.

panel of experts have said this.

Maria Corina Machado was banned from running for# office, just as other members of the opposition.## So it was impossible for the opposition and# for civil society to mobilize and actually## exercise power when Maduro,after that election,# decided to hang on to power through repression.

And one thing I would notice is, after Maduro was# taken, there has been silence in the streets.

And## a lot of people are wondering, well, if he# was so unpopular, why are the streets empty?## And the answer to that question is the brutal# repression that came afterwards; 2,000 people## were detained.

Just today, around 1,000 remained# detained.

People were killed in the streets.

So people are very much afraid of# going out and speaking out their minds.

GEOFF BENNETT: So, on that point,# how should we understand the interim## president, Delcy Rodriguez, within the# current power structure in Venezuela?

LAURA DIB: Delcy Rodriguez has# been a member of the government## since the beginning of Chavez.

I mean,# she has held different positions.## She was a minister of oil.

That's important# because she has a relationship with the## private sector that other members within# the Chavismo government didn't have.

And she was the vice president under Maduro.

She# was also the minister of foreign affairs at some## point.

But given all of these conditions, one has# to wonder whether she will actually be the one## that opens some doors towards democratization.# So far, that doesn't seem to be the case.

GEOFF BENNETT: If there is no political# transition and if repression continues, does## Venezuela realistically become a place where major# oil companies, to include U.S.

firms, can invest?

LAURA DIB: The meeting that President Trump held# with some of these oil companies was very telling,## because, for example, ExxonMobil,# who is owed billions of dollars,## said that Venezuela was uninvestable# because there needed to be a change.

And I think that's a clear message also# that oil companies should send.

It is## impossible to invest without a certain# rule of law and legal certainty.

You## can't invest in a country where# there are no democratic openings.

The reality is that -- and I think# that's something that not only the U.S.,## but other countries, democratic countries, should# be sending the message that, in order for the## complex humanitarian emergency in Venezuela# to be reverted, there needs to be some sort of## democratic opening.

This cannot just be a change# in actors without a real democratic transition.

GEOFF BENNETT: Is there a realistic# pathway where economic engagement## could actually create pressure for# democratic openings in Venezuela?

LAURA DIB: I believe that should# be the case.

And I think that,## sadly, we have seen how the# administration is more driven## by economic interests than it is about the# concern for human rights and for democracy.

The national security strategy that the# administration published doesn't mention the word## human rights, not even once.

So this is a context# in which realistically, and from a pragmatic## standpoint, then these economic actors have the# potential to actually create those openings.

But I also have the responsibility to say# that all the literature, all the research## on transitional justice explains how no process of# democratic transition can be sustainable without## the participation of civil society.

And this is# something that is definitely lacking right now.

GEOFF BENNETT: Laura Dib, thanks again for# your time this evening.

We appreciate it.

LAURA DIB: Thank you.

Thank you so much.

AMNA NAWAZ:## The death of a Black midwife following# complications from giving birth has## renewed difficult questions about inequities# around Black maternal health care.

Black women## are still at a considerably higher risk to die# from a pregnancy-related cause than white women.

Stephanie Sy has more on this story.

STEPHANIE SY: Janell Green Smith, 31, was# laid to rest in Spartanburg, South Carolina,## this week.

Her death sent shockwaves# through the community of Black midwives,## which include her aunt, Nichole Wardlaw.

What do you think people will# remember most about Janell?

NICHOLE WARDLAW, Aunt of Janell# Green Smith: They talked about## her being the friend that was the# glue that he.. that she showed up for people, that she --# just her presence.

She had a big presence.

STEPHANIE SY: This is Green Smith in April 2024.

JANELL GREEN SMITH, Midwife: I wanted to# be a part of the solution and step into## a role as the provider that would listen to# my patients when they said they were in pain.## I wanted to be the provider that would answer the# questions and that would go above and beyond to## allow my patients to feel comfortable in# their journey of pregnancy and in labor.

NICHOLE WARDLAW: The patients loved her,# that she would show up for them.

She## loved on them.

I remember someone talking# about how she was just always asking, why,## why is this, why is that, that she wanted# to know the why and make things better.

STEPHANIE SY: That's the# question I keep asking myself,## is, why?

She had so much knowledge.

She was# an experienced midwife.

Why did this happen?

NICHOLE WARDLAW: It was the perfect storm.# She was pregnant.

She developed preeclampsia,## but she never stopped working, fighting, showing# up.

She showed up.

She had a shift the day before## she was admitted to the hospital herself.# She worked 12 hours and caught seven babies.

So she showed up for clients and did the work,## even though she herself really needed to be cared# for.

So, as a midwife, who midwives the midwife?

STEPHANIE SY: Wardlaw says Green Smith# herself didn't have a midwife because there## weren't other practices in the area that# took her insurance.

In the United States,## Black women are three times more likely to die# from a pregnancy-related cause than white women.

WOMAN: There's a foot.

STEPHANIE SY: Integrating midwives into maternal## care has been shown in studies# to decrease maternal deaths.

Jessica Brumley is president of the# American College of Nurse Midwives.

JESSICA BRUMLEY, President, American College# of Nurse Midwives: Black women are at higher## rates of Caesarean section, at higher# rates of preeclampsia.

They have higher## rates of almost every possible comorbidity# or complication that an individual can have.

They're more likely to seek care in systems# of care that are not high-quality.

And we## know that standardized care and care# practices can help to improve outcomes.

STEPHANIE SY: Do we know why Black women are# more susceptible to preeclampsia in pregnancy?

JESSICA BRUMLEY: The chronic stress,# the generations of chronic stress,## the different exposures to racism in this country,## and all of that adds and creates what is known# as weathering, right?

And so it makes it more## difficult to manage these conditions in# individuals who've had these exposures.

STEPHANIE SY: There's no cure for preeclampsia,# but it can be resolved once the baby is born.## Green Smith underwent an emergency Caesarean# section, which carries its own risks.

NICHOLE WARDLAW: Her incision opened up,# and so they had to take her back to the## operating room to close the incision.

And# it was after that operation that during## the recovery period there were complications,# and that ultimately contributed to her death.

STEPHANIE SY: Explain to us# how is it that Black women are## still so much more vulnerable to dying of# pregnancy-related causes than other women?

JESSICA BRUMLEY: This is a really complex issue,## but I think that it comes down to the fact# that the system is designed to create these## outcomes.

We get the outcomes# that the system is designed for.

And when we think about historically# where our system has come from,## it came from centering childbirth into# the hospital, away from the community,## away from the people who cared for us,# right, our community-based midwives,## Black granny midwives, and that nurturing# environment into an environment that## wasn't welcoming and still isn't often very# welcoming for Black women in our country.

NICHOLE WARDLAW: I don't know if it was# professional courtesy, that the assumption## was just made that she knew all of the things# and would be able to take care of herself.

I don't know if there were expectations of her# that wouldn't be expectations of other people,## but what I do know is that she's not coming back# and we never want this to happen to anybody else.

STEPHANIE SY: Brumley says gaps in postpartum# care in the U.S.

don't just harm Black women.

JESSICA BRUMLEY: So if we can design a system# where Black women have the best outcomes,## everyone else will have better outcomes too,# because even though Black women have some of the## worst outcomes in the U.S., the U.S.

has some of# the worst maternal health outcomes in the world.

So white women aren't doing much better# in this country.

We have to think about,## how do we change what we offer and offering a# service that people think is valuable?

No one## should have to fear for their life in order to# grow their family.

And I don't think it's fair## that people should lose the joy of what should# really be an amazing, beautiful life event.

STEPHANIE SY: Janell got to experience# some of that joy, holding her daughter## Eden if only for a short while.

Born# premature, Eden is still in the hospital.

NICHOLE WARDLAW: Eden is doing great.# She's thriving.

She's growing.

She's## meeting her milestones.

She is the feistiest# little fighter.

She has her mother's spirit.

STEPHANIE SY: For the "PBS# News Hour," I'm Stephanie Sy.

AMNA NAWAZ: One day after the# Trump administration cut off## billions in funding for mental health and# addiction programs across the country,## the White House is now reversing course, choosing# to restore some $2 billion in federal grant money.

The decision, which impacted thousands# of organizations and grant recipients,## was reversed after bipartisan political pushback.

Brian Mann broke this story for# NPR.

He joins me here now in studio.

Welcome.

Thanks for being here.

BRIAN MANN, National Addiction Correspo.. AMNA NAWAZ: OK, befo.. the programs that would have been impacted.

Where# are they?

Who do they serve?

What do they do?

BRIAN MANN: Yes, so first of all, we're# talking nationwide, over 2,000 programs.

And I think one of the things that's important# to understand is that, for mental health and## addiction, there's kind of like a quilt of# programs.

A lot of it is local governments.

It's## nonprofits.

And these are life-or-death programs.# These are programs that are literally keeping## people from overdosing.

They're checking# in on people with severe mental illness.## They're helping people transition to safer# environments if they're living on the streets.

And a lot of the public health people I have# been speaking to talk about their clients being## extraordinarily vulnerable.

So if these programs# go away, people can land hard.

People are talking## literally about fearing that their clients# would die if some of these services vanished.

AMNA NAWAZ: So they get notification# late on Tuesday, as you reported... BRIAN MANN: Yes, out of the blue.

AMNA NAWAZ: ... that the funding was being cut.

This was funding approved# by Congress, we should note.

BRIAN MANN: Yes.

AMNA NAWAZ: Were.. BRIAN MANN: Basically, there was no# heads-up.

This was a bolt out of the## blue.

Suddenly, this letter arrives# in inboxes all over the country.

And what it says -- this is from SAMHSA, part of# the Health and Human Services Department.

It said:## "Your program no longer aligns with the Trump# administration's agenda."

That's pretty much## it.

And a lot of these programs had# been scrambling to try to adapt to## the Trump administration's guidelines.# People were really trying to play ball## with the administration and they still got# these letters.

You're out.

The money stops now.

This was not, we're giving you six months.

AMNA NAWAZ: It was immediate.

BRIAN MANN: It was immediate.

An.. talking about closing their doors within the week.

AMNA NAWAZ: And within 48 hours, they get# notification, never mind?

How did that happen?

BRIAN MANN: Yes, that's right.

What happens is that this .. say this was a bipartisan firestorm.

There# were Republicans who were working in the## administration.

There were Democrats# working in the administration.

Grassroots## organizations all over the country# were reaching out to the White House,## to members of Congress, saying,# this is going to get people killed.

And so, quickly, my sources tell me# that inside HHS, inside the White House,## there were high-level meetings, people# saying, how did we get here?

What do we do?## And so, late last night, a source from the# administration called me and told me anonymously,## we're reversing this, we're going to# fund these grants, the money will flow.

AMNA NAWAZ: So it sounds like it was# the bipartisan political pushback,## hearing from the organizations about# the impact that helped to reverse the## decision.

But someone had to be making# those decisions in the first place,## right?

What have you been able to# learn about who was behind that?

BRIAN MANN: Yes, this is really# troubling to a lot of the public## health professionals that I have been talking to.

So, within HHS, there are people who# know about these programs and they## know about the lifesaving work that they do.# But my sources tell me that this decision to## cut off the grant funding came from outside that# professional staff, that they were not consulted.

So there was politics involved here, There were# people who are not expert in mental health or## addiction who made this call.

We haven't been able# to identify who that was.

We don't know exactly## where the axe fell from.

And, similarly, we# can't even lock down who reversed this decision.

And one of the things that's frightening to# these organizations out there is that leaves## them with a lot of uncertainty.

If they# don't know who's making the shots here,## calling the shots, they don't know what's going# to happen next week or the week after that.

It's important to say that, last year, the Trump# administration did something very similar.

They## froze a lot of grants, slow-walked# them.

This is the kind of uncertainty## that makes it hard.

I mentioned this kind# of quilt of programs.

It's already very,## very fragile.

Keeping it together with this# kind of day-to-day uncertainty is really tough.

AMNA NAWAZ: These are agencies and systems# that you regularly deeply report on.

BRIAN MANN: Yes.

AMNA NAWAZ: What does all of th.. agencies that have, as you mentioned,# life-and-death issues in their hands?

BRIAN MANN: I think it's dangerously fragile.# The people I talk to, they're already exhausted.## They're already working with people# who are severely ill, people who are## using fentanyl or methamphetamines,# who have severe mental illnesses.

This is tough work.

And when suddenly you# hear overnight that you may lose your job,## that you may not be able to pay your rent,# that adds to this uncertainty.

And so I think## we are really looking at a very fragile# American public health system that is## hitting moments like this, and people# are saying, can we hold it together?

And one of the things that I'm hearing is that# people are looking to the Trump administration for## real leadership.

What is the plan going forward?# If we don't match your agenda, what is the agenda?## How can we get together on that page?

And, right# now, that communication just isn't happening.

AMNA NAWAZ: So, on the front# lines for these organizations,## the funding seems to still be there for now.

BRIAN MANN: Yes.

AMNA NAWAZ: But .. BRIAN MANN: Oh, no.

This has sent# shockwaves through the system.## People are going to be much more cautious about# hiring, starting new programs, that people## are going to take fewer risks in terms of# innovating and trying to help more people.

People are still reeling.

I mean, this was an# emotional -- this was -- people have talked## about this as a day of panic for the entire# American public health system.

And so I think,## from top to bottom, people are going to# be figuring out where we go from here,## who do we trust, who do we communicate with.

And for a system that is based on# science, that's based on health care,## this felt like a moment when# it could all fall apart.

AMNA NAWAZ: It's incredible reporting.

We will# continue to follow you as you follow this story.

Brian Mann of NPR, thank you for being here.

BRIAN MANN: Thanks for having me.

GEOFF BENNETT: A federal judge cleared the# way today for construction to resume on an## offshore wind power project in New York state.# It's the second time this week a court ruled## against the Trump administration and its# efforts to kill new wind power facilities.

President Trump has moved not just# to stop approving new facilities,## but to halt the completion of those under# construction.

It comes as wind energy has## grown in the U.S., responsible for producing# about 10 percent of all our electricity.

But as science correspondent Miles O'Brien# reports for our Tipping Point series,## the uncertainty is having an impact already.

MILES O'BRIEN: Connecticut fisherman# Gary Yerman is navigating some strong## political crosscurrents these days.# A staunch supporter of Donald Trump,## he's also a vocal advocate for offshore wind, the# very energy source the president loves to hate.

DONALD TRUMP, President of the United# States: We don't allow windmills.

We're## not allowing any windmills to# go up.

It ruins the landscape.## It kills the birds.

They're noisy.

Those# big windmills are so pathetic and so bad.

MILES O'BRIEN: Despite Trump's disdain for wind,## Gary Yerman saw an opportunity in# the energy transition and seized it.

GARY YERMAN, Sea Services: There's a lot of money# that's been spent to create this green energy,## which I believe that we need# more energy in this country.

MILES O'BRIEN: He co-founded Sea Services,## a company that helps offshore wind developers# with logistics and security using local fishing## crews and vessels.

Sea Services employs# 200 commercial fishermen on 20 boats,## turning a source of friction into a# new livelihood for working mariners.

GARY YERMAN: There's a lot of# people that are counting on that,## a lot of families that are counting on it.

MILES O'BRIEN: Then in August came the Trump# administration's order t.. Revolution Wind project, which was nearly 80# percent complete.

It was a devastating blow to## Yerman's business, and yet he continued# to give Trump the benefit of the doubt.

GARY YERMAN: Trump's got something in mind.

We# don't know what it is yet.

When he gets down to## what he wants to get out of this, the deal will# get struck in, Revolution Wind will start again.

MILES O'BRIEN: There was no deal, but, in# September, a federal judge lifted the ban on## construction.

Still, the Trump assault on offshore# wind continues.

Right before Christmas, the## administration suspended all offshore wind leases,# including Revolution, citing national security## concerns, specifically claims that turbines# interfere with Defense Department radar systems.

Interior Secretary Doug# Burgum explained on FOX News.

DOUG BURGUM, U.S.

Interior Secretary:# These projects, they create radar clutter,## they create radar shadows.

This is the thing# we want to look at, so that we have -- with## national security concerns, are pausing# these projects until we have an opportunity## to see if the mitigation -- if there can# be mitigation to cure these concerns.

MILES O'BRIEN: But the Pentagon reviewed# and approved these offshore wind sitings## years ago under multiple administrations.# Political leaders here remain dumbfounded.

GOV.

DANIEL MCKEE (D-RI): I don't think the## Trump administration r.. MILES O'BRIEN: Dan McKee is# the governor of Rhode Island.

GOV.

DANIEL MCKEE: What are# permits worth if all of a sudden,## when you're 80 percent in a project,# regardless of what the project is,## that somehow the federal government# is not going to honor those permits?

MILES O'BRIEN: The smallest# state has made a big bet on## offshore wind.

It invested $100 million in# infrastructure and job training.

In return,## it hoped to get 2,500 jobs and electricity for# 350,000 homes at 9.8 cents per kilowatt hour,## roughly half the cost New Englanders# paid during last winter's peak demand.

GOV.

DANIEL MCKEE: Our biggest asset in# Rhode Island is our ocean.

And we expect## that this industry is not only going to# help support our rate payers that need to## support our businesses.

We need to take# advantage of the resources that we have.

MILES O'BRIEN: But the administration's broader# strategy to suspend offshore wind leases,## revoke permits and halt future leasing has# become an industry once breezing toward## production of 30 gigawatts of clean energy# by 2030, enough to power 11 million homes.

Across the country, demand# for electricity is taking## a sharp upturn after many years# going in the opposite direction.

Chris Seiple is vice chairman of Wood Mackenzie,## a global research and consultancy# firm focused on energy.

CHRIS SEIPLE, Wood Mackenzie: For 70 years,# there's been a very consistent trend.

Each## decade, we have gotten less and less electricity# demand from the same amount of economic growth.

MILES O'BRIEN: That long plateau in# electricity demand was made possible by## major efficiency gains and the relentless# offshoring of American manufacturing.

But that 70-year trend has now reversed.# Manufacturing has been gradually returning## to the U.S.

for years, accelerating# during the Biden administration,## when the bipartisan infrastructure law, the# CHIPS and Science ACT, and the Inflation## Reduction Act spurred hundreds of billions# of dollars in investment in semiconductor,## batteries, clean energy, and# advanced materials manufacturing.

CHRIS SEIPLE: There's a single semiconductor# manufacturing facility being built in Arizona## that could eventually reach 1,200 megawatts# of electricity demand.

That is more demand## than all of Colorado Springs, the city of about# 500,000 people.

This is just one single facility.

MILES O'BRIEN: But the biggest drivers of# new electricity demand are data centers,## the energy-hungry facilities that# power what we call the cloud and## the rise of large language models# driven by artificial intelligence.

Seiple says data centers already account# for roughly 4 percent of U.S.

electricity## consumption and growth is accelerating.# About 24 gigawatts of data center capacity## is currently under construction.# And utilities have committed to## another 136 gigawatts of future data center# build-out.

If all that construction happens,## data centers would consume 25 percent of the# electricity currently generated in the U.S.

CHRIS SEIPLE: This is more capacity# than exists in the entire country of## France that U.S.

utilities have committed to add.

MILES O'BRIEN: But there's a problem.

It takes a# lot longer to build a power plant than it does to## stand up a data center.

The Trump administration# claims unleashing American energy is a priority,## but the agenda is almost entirely# focused on unleashing fossil fuels.

DONALD TRUMP: Pound for pound,# coal is the single most reliable,## durable, secure and powerful form of energy.

MILES O'BRIEN: Wind developers# have filed lawsuits to restart## their projects.

One judge has already# allowed work to resume on the Revolution## Wind farm.

It's just one battle in a# developing legal war with Washington.

GOV.

DANIEL MCKEE: Now he's going# to force us to go to court to make## sure that we're protecting our jobs# and our energy and our environment.

MILES O'BRIEN: Trump has# tilted at windmills since 2011,## when plans surfaced to build 11 of them off# the coast of his golf course in Scotland.

Many energy experts say pulling the# plug on renewables will not enhance## national security.

In fact, they# say it will undermine our ability## to meet growing demand and it will# weaken an already fragile grid.

For the "PBS News Hour," I'm Miles# O'Brien in Providence, Rhode Island.

AMNA NAWAZ:## The art of 3-D scanning.

Paul Solman looks at how technology is being# used to examine and replicate classic works## of art and some ethical questions about# what it means to preserve authenticity## and democratize access in an age when the line# between originals and copies grows ever thinner.

It's part of our arts and culture series, Canvas.

PAUL SOLMAN: Ever want to do this to a# beloved painting before a museum guard said,## don't touch?

Well, I did from the time I was# a kid.

And now I actually can feel the paint.

This is an art tech story prompted# by entrepreneur Jerry Kaplan.

JERRY KAPLAN, Stanford University: It's# like a jackrabbit, but it's a robot.

PAUL SOLMAN: Kaplan has gurued me and you through# the emerging high-tech world for a decade.

JERRY KAPLAN: Mary, what do# you feel about your own death?

MARY, A.I.

: I guess, technically, I# cannot die since I am a digital being.

PAUL SOLMAN: But what's the art angle?

JERRY KAPLAN: My mother died last year at# the ripe old age of 99.

And one of her m.. prized possessions was a painting of me and my# little sister from what was an unknown artist## at the time by the name of Wayne Thiebaud.

And# the picture was titled Children of the '60s.

PAUL SOLMAN: But now it's worth millions.

JERRY KAPLAN: Well, what do we do with it?# There are two of us, me and my sister.

And## while we would both like to have a copy,# the truth is that it's just too valuable.

PAUL SOLMAN: So, unlike King Solomon's split the# baby in two, he came up with a high-tech solution.

JERRY KAPLAN: This is an exact,# precise reproduction at a micro level.

PAUL SOLMAN: Of the Kaplans' Thiebaud# and of this lady a half-a-millennium## young.

The technology was first# used to analyze her condition.

PATRICK ROBINSON, Arius Technology:# Nobody expected these paintings to## last for 500 years.

Particularly with# the Mona Lisa, there are stress factors## and twisting of wood and things that# are certainly occurring over time.

PAUL SOLMAN: The surface, for example, has# been cracking for centuries.

And eventually,## says Patrick Robinson of Arius Technology, to# preserve it will mean to store it safely away.## Same for other time-honored# paintings and frescoes,## van Goghs, Monets, and other# works of the faraway past.

PATRICK ROBINSON: You can imagine# cities that are affected by water## levels and things like that and# destruction.

We intend to be at## the center point of those restorations or# those historical archiving, if you will.

PAUL SOLMAN: And be rescuing art from# disaster, says Arius adviser Marco Soriano.

MARCO SORIANO, CEO, Soriano Group and# Family Office: Pulling the fire that## took place in California, where billions# of dollars of .. insured properly were lost.

The National# Museum of Brazil also was destroyed,## multiple masterpieces that# had been there destroyed.

So we would like to preserve that part of culture## of our civilization that can easily be# erased if it's not protected properly.

PAUL SOLMAN: So how exactly to# preserve works forever?

You can## now create a high-tech laser# scanner, apply it to the art.

PATRICK ROBINSON: We scan them to 10# microns, which is the same width of## a 10th of the human hair or similar# to an actual size of a blood vessel.

PAUL SOLMAN: Arius engineering# head Roland Dela Cuesta.

ROLAND DELA CUESTA, Arius Technology: You can# see the fine cracks, you can see paint strokes## to the level of a three-sable hairbrush.# And then on top of that, you get the color.

PAUL SOLMAN: And besides solving problems like# the Kaplan estate or saving the Mona Lisa: PATRICK ROBINSON: Making# it easier for restorations,## for insurance, for valuations.

You# look at The Girl With the Pearl,## when that was restored they used# a print on the wall of the museum.

PAUL SOLMAN: Did people know that it# was not the original?

Could they tell?

PATRICK ROBINSON: I would --# you know what, Paul?

I say,## universally, anything we do, no# one can tell without knowing.

PAUL SOLMAN: The scanner was used to# make multiples of contemporary artist## Stale Amsterdam's portrait of Salvador Dali.

PATRICK ROBINSON: Just like Andy Warhol# did editions of tomato soup cans with a## red background, with a blue background, with# a white background, whatever it might be.

PAUL SOLMAN: On YouTube, adviser Marco# Soriano, an electric motorcycle maker,## doesn't strike you as an old master buff, but# he joined the Arius team to expand the business.

MARCO SORIANO: If you're the buyer# of that piece of art, of artifact,## it needs to have some kind of a record so# that you can understand what it is.

So our## technology would, in a certain way,# authenticate if that's real or not.

PAUL SOLMAN: He's also nuts over Piero# della Francesca's 15th century Resurrection.

MARCO SORIANO: When I saw it for the# first time, it almost made me cry.

It## has such a strong and meaningful value to all# Christianity, to all Catholics in the world.

PAUL SOLMAN: Arius is scanning# the already damaged fresco.

ADRIAN RANDOLPH, Northwestern University: That# really is a cultural historical object which,## spreading it around the world, having other# people who can't travel to Central Italy,## in the case of -- Italy in the case of Piero# della Francesca, that sounds good to me.

PAUL SOLMAN: Art historian Adrian# Randolph does see potential downsides.

ADRIAN RANDOLPH: What happens when you have many,## many objects which are reproduced?

The# value of the original might decline.## So I assume there could be some sort of# financial, what, disruption to the market.

PAUL SOLMAN: And aside from the economics# is the issue of how we experience art.

ADRIAN RANDOLPH: Even just in terms of a# cultural artifact, does it change its status,## which is fascinating and a little# destabilizing, I think, for those## of us who have always emphasized students# and experts going to see the things on site.

PAUL SOLMAN: Amy Herman, an# art historian and educator,## cites a German philosopher for inspiration.

AMY HERMAN, Art Historian and Educator:# As Walter Benjamin said so long ago,## he said, there never is a perfect copy# of a work of art.

No such perfect copy## ever exists because it's missing its# presence and its time and its place.

PAUL SOLMAN: Herman too argues that the way# we view original art is a singular experience.

AMY HERMAN: I think that this process of# using this 3-D scanner opens our eyes,## literally and figuratively, to things that we# couldn't see before, augments our appreciation,## but it doesn't necessarily change that# immediacy, that experience of sitting## in a Sansepolcro or sitting in Frick's galleries# and having that one-on-one with the work of art.

PAUL SOLMAN: But here in my house, this# laser-scanned Burial at Sea by British## painter JMW Turner is a pretty singular# experience too, and a tangible one.

For the "PBS News Hour," Paul Solman.

AMNA NAWAZ: Remember, there's always a lot# more online, including a look at how much## you should be paying for rent in today's# economy.

That is on our YouTube page.

GEOFF BENNETT: And that is the "News# Hour" for tonight.

I'm Geoff Bennett.

AMNA NAWAZ: And I'm Amna Nawaz.

On behalf of the entire "News Hour"# team, than..